Abatutsi ntibakorewe « Genocide » bakorewe « ibyaha byibasira inyokomuntu »
Munyandiko zinyuranye zari zikubiye mu bice bine byabanjirije iki, twasobanuyeneza icyaha cya « genocide » n’ibikigize kugirango gikunde kitwe gutyo.
Mu bicebibanza nerekanye kandi ko mu mategeko guha inyito icyaha (Qualification d’une infraction) ni ukubanza kureba niba icyo cyaha cyujuje ibyangombwa bikigira icyaha (Elément constitutifs) itegeko ryateganije, bitaba ibyo icyaha kikaba cyahabwa indi nyito cyane cyane ko tugendeye kurugero rwacu rw’icyaha cya « genocide » sicyo cyaha cyonyine kibasira ubwoko nkuko hari abashobora kubyibeshyaho ! Kubona rero abatutsi cyangwa abahutu bishwe ntibihita bisobanura ko ubwo bakorewe « genocide » nk’ihame.
Mubusobanuro twatanze twasanze ubwicanyi bwakorewe abatutsi butujuje ibyangombwa byose amategeko ateganya ngo bukunde bushyirwe mu cyaha cya « Genocide ». Iyi ikaba ariyo mpanvu ituma tugomba gushakira ahandi mubyaha bifitanye isano n’iki cyaha cya « Genocide »
Niyompanvu tugiye gusuzuma ibigize icyaha cy’ibasira inyoko muntu kugirango tumenye ukuri guhamye maze abafite inyota yako, cyane cyane urubyiruko, izi nyandiko zibe zababera igisubizo.
IBYAHA BYIBASIYE INYOKO MUNTU
Kugirango tubyunve neza turabanza kugaragaza ubusobanuro bw’ « ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu » maze turebe ko ntasano byaba bifitanye n’amahano yabaye iwacu mu Rwanda, aribyo FPR-Inkotanyi ikunze kwita « Genocide ».
Iyi ntambwe yo gushakisha ukuri ukuri kubyabaye ndahamya ntashidikanya ko ariyo nzira yonyine twaheraho kugirango abanyarwanda biyunge nyakuri kandi tubone uko twubaka u Rwanda nta buryarya mu bana barwo bose. Ibi kandi ntibishobora gushingira ku kinyoma nkuko FPR yabyibwiye dore imyaka irenze 20 ikinyoma gihawe intebe ariko ntaho cyatugejeje uretse kubibamo urwango n’urwikekwe mu bana b’u Rwanda.
Ubusobanuro bw’« ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu »
Ubusobanuro bwimbitse bw’ibi byaha bwatanzwe n’Urukiko rwashyiriweho guhana ibyaha byakozwe mu gihe cy’Intambara yakabiri y’Isi (World War II) mu 1945. Urwo rukiko bakaba bararwitiriye Nuremberg (le tribunal de Nuremberg). Ibyo bisobanuro kandi byaje kunganirwa n’ibyatanzwe n’Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (ICC).
Tugendeye rero kubusobanuro bwatanzwe n’izonkiko zombi cyane cyane mu ngingo ya 7 ya Sitatiy’I Roma ishyiraho Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (ICC), kandi tukibanda kubyo urukiko rwa Nuremberg rwateganije mu guhana abayobozi b’umutwe w’Abanazi kuri iki cyaha ;
Hemejwe ko « ibyaha byibasira inyokomuntu » bisobanura : « kimwe mu bikorwa bikurikira gikozwe mu bitero rusange cyangwa simusiga byibasiye abasivile ni ukuvuga abaturage batari abasirikare bazira ubwenegihugu bwabo, ibitekerezo bya politiki, ubwoko, cyangwase idini ryabo ». Ibyobikorwa rero ni ibi bikurikira:
Ø Kwica(murder);
Ø Kurimbura (extermination);
Ø Gushyira mu bucakara enslavement;
Ø Gutwara bunyago cyangwa kubimura kungufu aho bari batuye;
Ø Gufunga umuntu cyangwa kumwambura uburenganzira bwe bwo kujya aho ashaka mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko;
Ø Kwica urubozo (torture);
Ø Gusambanya kugahato (Rape) ;
Ø Ubucakara bushingiye kugitsina (sexual slavery);
Ø Gukoresha uburaya kugahato (enforced prostitution);
Ø Guhagarika urubyaro kugahato cyangwa ikindi gikorwa icyo aricyo cyose cy'ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina risa n'ibimazekuvugwa;
Ø Gutoteza umuntu umuziza ibitekerezobye bya politiki, ubwoko, idini cyangwa se ushingiye ku rindi vangura iryo ariryo ryose;
Ø Kurigisa abantu (enforced disappearance of persons);
Ø Ivangura rishingiye ku ibarary’uruhu (the crime of apartheid);
Ø N’ibindi bikorwa byose bibuze umutima wakimuntu bisa n’ibi bimaze kuvugwa bikozwekubushake bigamije kubabaza cyangwa kwangiza bikabije umubiri cyangwa ubwenge.
Iyo witonze ugasuzuma izi ngingo zose uko zingana maze ugahita uzigereranya n’ingigo zose zubatse icyaha cya « Genocide », uhita uvumbura ubudasa bw’ibi byaha n’ubwo hari benshi bashobora kubyitiranya cyane cyane iyo bigeze mu nyungu za politiki. Niyo mpanvu nsanze ari ngombwa ko nongera kwibutsa ibigize icyaha cya « genocide ».
Nkuko biteganwa n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo gukumira no guhana icyaha cya genocide yo kuwa 09/12/1948, mu ngingo yayo ya II, nkuko biteganwa kandi nanone n’ingingo ya II ya sitatu igenga urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR), « Genocide » ni icyaha gishyirwa mu bikorwa iyo buri kimwe mu bikorwa bikurikira gikozwe hagambiriwe kurimbura igice cyangwa bose mu bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ubwoko, ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa se ku idini (ubwemeramana). Ibyo bikorwa rero iyi ngingo iteganya ni:
a) Kwica abagize rimwe mu itsinda tumaze kuvuga ;
b) Gutera ubumuga bukomeye, bwaba ubw’umubiri cyangwa se ubwo mu mutwe abagize rimwe mu itsinda twavuze ;
c) Gushyira ubigambiriye, mumibereho ishobora gutuma abagize rimwe mu itsinda twavuze barimbuka bose cyangwase bamwe muribo ;
d) Gufata ibyemezo bigambiriye kubuza kororoka abagize rimwe mw’itsinda twavuze ;
e) Gufata urubyaro rw’abagize rimwe mu itsinda twavuze, ukarwitirira irindi kungufu.
Nizere rero ko ihuriro cyangwase itandukaniro rinini riri hagati y’ibi byaha byombi noneho ritangiye kugaragara.
Mbere nambere twibuke ko icyaha cya “genocide” gifite aho giuriye n’ “icyaha cy’ibasira inyokomuntu”. Byombi bishobora kwibasira abahuriye ku bwoko, idini, n’ubwenegihugu, n’ubwo bitandukanira ku (ibara ry’uruhu ku cyaha cya « Genocide ») cyangwase (ibitekerezo bya politiki ku byaha byibasira inyoko muntu).
Imwe mu mpanvu ikomeye ariko itandukanya ibi byaha byombi ni uko biriya bikorwa twabonye bigize icyaha cya “genocide” uko ari bitanu (5), byose bigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa hagambiriwe kurimbura rimwe muri ariya matsinda twabonye. Harimo n’ubwoko nkuko biri kukibazo cyo mu Rwanda. Binyuranye cyane no ku byaha byibasira inyoko muntu aho itegeko rirondora ibikorwa byinshi byubatse ibyaha by’ibasira inyoko muntu rikageza kubikorwa birenga 13 ndetse rigafungura n’inzira no ku “bindi bikorwa byose bibuze umutima wakimuntu bisa n'ibi bimaze kuvugwa bikozwe kubushake bigamije kubabaza cyangwa kwangiza bikabije umubiri cyangwa ubwenge”. Nyamara nta mugambi wo kurimbura burundu igice cyangwa bose uteganijwe muri ibi byaha.
Usibye rero kuba nta n’umugambi wo kurimburaho ubwoko bw’abatutsi ugaragara ariko icyaha cya « Genocide » kigomba na none kuba cyarateguwe neza hasingiwe ku mugambi wo kurimburaho igice cyangwa bose mu bagize rimwe mu matsinda twabonye.
Murunva rero ko kwemeza ko abatutse bo mu Rwanda bakorewe « Genocide », binyuranije n’amategeko kuko cyaba ari icyaha cyitujuje inginyo zose z’icyo cyaha. Ibyo rero bigahita bicyambura n’inyito ya Genocide. Ibi bikaba byemezwa n’urukiko rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), kuko kugeza ubu habuze ibihamya by’uko « Genocide » yateguwe mu mugambi wo kurimburaho igice cyangwa bose mu bagize ubwoko bw’abatutsi.
Nyamara ahubwo mu mategeko ibikorwa byibasiye abatutsi mu Rwanda byujuje ingingo zose zubatse ibyaha byibasira inyoko muntu. Ntagushidikanya rero guhari ko ibyaha byakorewe abatutsi ari ibyaha by’ibasiye inyokomuntu aho kuba ibyaha bya « genocide ».
Duharanire twese hamwe ko ukuri gutsinda ikinyoma.
Nti muzacikwe n’igice gisoza izi nyandiko (Umwanzuro)
Venant Nkurunziza
Umunyamabanga mukuru wungirije ushinzwe amategeko no gukemura amakimbirane mu Ishema Party.
Munyandiko zinyuranye zari zikubiye mu bice bine byabanjirije iki, twasobanuyeneza icyaha cya « genocide » n’ibikigize kugirango gikunde kitwe gutyo.
Mu bicebibanza nerekanye kandi ko mu mategeko guha inyito icyaha (Qualification d’une infraction) ni ukubanza kureba niba icyo cyaha cyujuje ibyangombwa bikigira icyaha (Elément constitutifs) itegeko ryateganije, bitaba ibyo icyaha kikaba cyahabwa indi nyito cyane cyane ko tugendeye kurugero rwacu rw’icyaha cya « genocide » sicyo cyaha cyonyine kibasira ubwoko nkuko hari abashobora kubyibeshyaho ! Kubona rero abatutsi cyangwa abahutu bishwe ntibihita bisobanura ko ubwo bakorewe « genocide » nk’ihame.
Mubusobanuro twatanze twasanze ubwicanyi bwakorewe abatutsi butujuje ibyangombwa byose amategeko ateganya ngo bukunde bushyirwe mu cyaha cya « Genocide ». Iyi ikaba ariyo mpanvu ituma tugomba gushakira ahandi mubyaha bifitanye isano n’iki cyaha cya « Genocide »
Niyompanvu tugiye gusuzuma ibigize icyaha cy’ibasira inyoko muntu kugirango tumenye ukuri guhamye maze abafite inyota yako, cyane cyane urubyiruko, izi nyandiko zibe zababera igisubizo.
IBYAHA BYIBASIYE INYOKO MUNTU
Kugirango tubyunve neza turabanza kugaragaza ubusobanuro bw’ « ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu » maze turebe ko ntasano byaba bifitanye n’amahano yabaye iwacu mu Rwanda, aribyo FPR-Inkotanyi ikunze kwita « Genocide ».
Iyi ntambwe yo gushakisha ukuri ukuri kubyabaye ndahamya ntashidikanya ko ariyo nzira yonyine twaheraho kugirango abanyarwanda biyunge nyakuri kandi tubone uko twubaka u Rwanda nta buryarya mu bana barwo bose. Ibi kandi ntibishobora gushingira ku kinyoma nkuko FPR yabyibwiye dore imyaka irenze 20 ikinyoma gihawe intebe ariko ntaho cyatugejeje uretse kubibamo urwango n’urwikekwe mu bana b’u Rwanda.
Ubusobanuro bw’« ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu »
Ubusobanuro bwimbitse bw’ibi byaha bwatanzwe n’Urukiko rwashyiriweho guhana ibyaha byakozwe mu gihe cy’Intambara yakabiri y’Isi (World War II) mu 1945. Urwo rukiko bakaba bararwitiriye Nuremberg (le tribunal de Nuremberg). Ibyo bisobanuro kandi byaje kunganirwa n’ibyatanzwe n’Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (ICC).
Tugendeye rero kubusobanuro bwatanzwe n’izonkiko zombi cyane cyane mu ngingo ya 7 ya Sitatiy’I Roma ishyiraho Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (ICC), kandi tukibanda kubyo urukiko rwa Nuremberg rwateganije mu guhana abayobozi b’umutwe w’Abanazi kuri iki cyaha ;
Hemejwe ko « ibyaha byibasira inyokomuntu » bisobanura : « kimwe mu bikorwa bikurikira gikozwe mu bitero rusange cyangwa simusiga byibasiye abasivile ni ukuvuga abaturage batari abasirikare bazira ubwenegihugu bwabo, ibitekerezo bya politiki, ubwoko, cyangwase idini ryabo ». Ibyobikorwa rero ni ibi bikurikira:
Ø Kwica(murder);
Ø Kurimbura (extermination);
Ø Gushyira mu bucakara enslavement;
Ø Gutwara bunyago cyangwa kubimura kungufu aho bari batuye;
Ø Gufunga umuntu cyangwa kumwambura uburenganzira bwe bwo kujya aho ashaka mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko;
Ø Kwica urubozo (torture);
Ø Gusambanya kugahato (Rape) ;
Ø Ubucakara bushingiye kugitsina (sexual slavery);
Ø Gukoresha uburaya kugahato (enforced prostitution);
Ø Guhagarika urubyaro kugahato cyangwa ikindi gikorwa icyo aricyo cyose cy'ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina risa n'ibimazekuvugwa;
Ø Gutoteza umuntu umuziza ibitekerezobye bya politiki, ubwoko, idini cyangwa se ushingiye ku rindi vangura iryo ariryo ryose;
Ø Kurigisa abantu (enforced disappearance of persons);
Ø Ivangura rishingiye ku ibarary’uruhu (the crime of apartheid);
Ø N’ibindi bikorwa byose bibuze umutima wakimuntu bisa n’ibi bimaze kuvugwa bikozwekubushake bigamije kubabaza cyangwa kwangiza bikabije umubiri cyangwa ubwenge.
Iyo witonze ugasuzuma izi ngingo zose uko zingana maze ugahita uzigereranya n’ingigo zose zubatse icyaha cya « Genocide », uhita uvumbura ubudasa bw’ibi byaha n’ubwo hari benshi bashobora kubyitiranya cyane cyane iyo bigeze mu nyungu za politiki. Niyo mpanvu nsanze ari ngombwa ko nongera kwibutsa ibigize icyaha cya « genocide ».
Nkuko biteganwa n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo gukumira no guhana icyaha cya genocide yo kuwa 09/12/1948, mu ngingo yayo ya II, nkuko biteganwa kandi nanone n’ingingo ya II ya sitatu igenga urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR), « Genocide » ni icyaha gishyirwa mu bikorwa iyo buri kimwe mu bikorwa bikurikira gikozwe hagambiriwe kurimbura igice cyangwa bose mu bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ubwoko, ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa se ku idini (ubwemeramana). Ibyo bikorwa rero iyi ngingo iteganya ni:
a) Kwica abagize rimwe mu itsinda tumaze kuvuga ;
b) Gutera ubumuga bukomeye, bwaba ubw’umubiri cyangwa se ubwo mu mutwe abagize rimwe mu itsinda twavuze ;
c) Gushyira ubigambiriye, mumibereho ishobora gutuma abagize rimwe mu itsinda twavuze barimbuka bose cyangwase bamwe muribo ;
d) Gufata ibyemezo bigambiriye kubuza kororoka abagize rimwe mw’itsinda twavuze ;
e) Gufata urubyaro rw’abagize rimwe mu itsinda twavuze, ukarwitirira irindi kungufu.
Nizere rero ko ihuriro cyangwase itandukaniro rinini riri hagati y’ibi byaha byombi noneho ritangiye kugaragara.
Mbere nambere twibuke ko icyaha cya “genocide” gifite aho giuriye n’ “icyaha cy’ibasira inyokomuntu”. Byombi bishobora kwibasira abahuriye ku bwoko, idini, n’ubwenegihugu, n’ubwo bitandukanira ku (ibara ry’uruhu ku cyaha cya « Genocide ») cyangwase (ibitekerezo bya politiki ku byaha byibasira inyoko muntu).
Imwe mu mpanvu ikomeye ariko itandukanya ibi byaha byombi ni uko biriya bikorwa twabonye bigize icyaha cya “genocide” uko ari bitanu (5), byose bigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa hagambiriwe kurimbura rimwe muri ariya matsinda twabonye. Harimo n’ubwoko nkuko biri kukibazo cyo mu Rwanda. Binyuranye cyane no ku byaha byibasira inyoko muntu aho itegeko rirondora ibikorwa byinshi byubatse ibyaha by’ibasira inyoko muntu rikageza kubikorwa birenga 13 ndetse rigafungura n’inzira no ku “bindi bikorwa byose bibuze umutima wakimuntu bisa n'ibi bimaze kuvugwa bikozwe kubushake bigamije kubabaza cyangwa kwangiza bikabije umubiri cyangwa ubwenge”. Nyamara nta mugambi wo kurimbura burundu igice cyangwa bose uteganijwe muri ibi byaha.
Usibye rero kuba nta n’umugambi wo kurimburaho ubwoko bw’abatutsi ugaragara ariko icyaha cya « Genocide » kigomba na none kuba cyarateguwe neza hasingiwe ku mugambi wo kurimburaho igice cyangwa bose mu bagize rimwe mu matsinda twabonye.
Murunva rero ko kwemeza ko abatutse bo mu Rwanda bakorewe « Genocide », binyuranije n’amategeko kuko cyaba ari icyaha cyitujuje inginyo zose z’icyo cyaha. Ibyo rero bigahita bicyambura n’inyito ya Genocide. Ibi bikaba byemezwa n’urukiko rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), kuko kugeza ubu habuze ibihamya by’uko « Genocide » yateguwe mu mugambi wo kurimburaho igice cyangwa bose mu bagize ubwoko bw’abatutsi.
Nyamara ahubwo mu mategeko ibikorwa byibasiye abatutsi mu Rwanda byujuje ingingo zose zubatse ibyaha byibasira inyoko muntu. Ntagushidikanya rero guhari ko ibyaha byakorewe abatutsi ari ibyaha by’ibasiye inyokomuntu aho kuba ibyaha bya « genocide ».
Duharanire twese hamwe ko ukuri gutsinda ikinyoma.
Nti muzacikwe n’igice gisoza izi nyandiko (Umwanzuro)
Venant Nkurunziza
Umunyamabanga mukuru wungirije ushinzwe amategeko no gukemura amakimbirane mu Ishema Party.